Torpedoing v. Carpet Bombing: Mutual Trust and the Rule of Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54869/syeul.2021.1.268Keywords:
rule of law, judicial cooperation, mutual trust, European Union, judicial independenceAbstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the most recent developments in the arising threats to the rule of law, in particular from the viewpoint of their impact on the judicial cooperation in light of the principle of mutual trust in the European Union. The paper analyses the development of this principle, the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the issue, and its views on recent challenges to the rule of law as a fundamental value of the EU, along with positions of other judicial bodies. The assessment then seeks to establish the impact the arising threats to rule of law in the EU, including judicial independence, may exert on the future application of the principle of mutual trust amongst judicial authorities of the Member States, and outline the implications arising therefrom.
References
Biernat, S., and Filipek, P. (2021). The Assessment of Judicial Independence Following the CJEU Ruling in C-216/18 LM. In: A. von Bogdandy, P. Bogdanowicz, I. Canor, C. Grabenwarter, M. Taborowski, and M. Schmidt (Eds.), Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States (pp. 403–430). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_16
Blauberger, M., and Kelemen, R. D. (2017). Can courts rescue national democracy? Judicial safeguards against democratic backsliding in the EU. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(3), pp. 321–336. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1229357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1229357
Bogdanowicz, P., and Schmidt, M. (2018). The infringement procedure in the rule of law crisis: How to make effective use of Article 258 TFEU. Common Market Law Review, 55(4), pp. 1061–1100.
Böse, M. (2015). Human Rights Violations and Mutual Trust: Recent Case Law on the European Arrest Warrant. In Human Rights in European Criminal Law (pp. 135–145). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12042-3_8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12042-3_8
Canor, I. (2013). My brother’s keeper? Horizontal solange: “An ever closer distrust among the peoples of Europe.” Common Market Law Review, 50(2), pp. 383–421.
Corthaut, T. (2012). EU ordre public. Leiden: Kluwer Law International.
Council of the European Union. (2021). General Affairs Council, 22 June 2021.
Herszenhorn, D., and von der Burchard, H. (2021, July). Rule of law disputes cast shadow over opening of Slovenia’s EU Council presidency. Politico.
Kiestra, L. R. (2014). The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on Private International Law. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-032-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-032-9
Ligue de Droits de l’Homme. (2021). Request to the Portuguese Presidency to take action on the deteriorating situation in Poland.
Mezeiová, L. (2018). Inštitút výhrady verejného poriadku v medzinárodnom práve súkromnom. In Constitutional Framework for Entering into International Treaties. Bratislava Legal Forum 2018. (pp. 70–76). Bratislava: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Law.
Mos, M. (2020). Ambiguity and interpretive politics in the crisis of European values: evidence from Hungary. East European Politics, 36(2), pp. 267–287. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2020.1724965 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2020.1724965
Rizcallah, C. (2021). The Principle of Mutual Trust in EU law in the Face of a Crisis of Values.
Scheppele, K. L., Kochenov, D. V., and Grabowska-Moroz, B. (2021). EU Values Are Law, after All: Enforcing EU Values through Systemic Infringement Actions by the European Commission and the Member States of the European Union. Yearbook of European Law, 39(1), pp. 3–121. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yeaa012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yeaa012
Spieker, L. D. (2019). Breathing Life into the Union’s Common Values: On the Judicial Application of Article 2 TEU in the EU Value Crisis. German Law Journal, 20(8), pp. 1182–1213. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.84 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.84
von Bogdandy, A., Bogdanowicz, P., Canor, I., Rugge, G., Schmidt, M., and Taborowski, M. (2021). A Potential Constitutional Moment for the European Rule of Law: The Importance of Red Lines. In A. von Bogdandy, P. Bogdanowicz, I. Canor, C. Grabenwarter, M. Taborowski, and M. Schmidt (Eds.), Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States (pp. 385–401). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_15
von Bogdandy, A., and Spieker, L. D. (2019). Countering the Judicial Silencing of Critics: Article 2 TEU Values, Reverse Solange, and the Responsibilities of National Judges. European Constitutional Law Review, 15(3), pp. 391–426. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019619000324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019619000324
Willems, A. (2016). Mutual Trust as a Term of Art in EU Criminal Law: Revealing its Hybrid Character. European Journal of Legal Studies, 9(1), pp. 210–249.
Willems, A. (2019). The Court of Justice of the European Union’s Mutual Trust Journey in EU Criminal Law: From a Presumption to (Room for) Rebuttal. German Law Journal, 20(4), pp. 468–495. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.32
Xanthopoulou, E. (2018). Mutual trust and rights in EU criminal and asylum law: Three phases of evolution and the uncharted territory beyond blind trust. Common Market Law Review, 55(2), pp. 489–509.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Overseas Union Insurance, case no. C-351/89, judgment of 27 June 1991, ECLI:EU:C:1991:279.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Gasser v. Misat, case no. C-116/02, judgment of 9 December 2003, ECLI:EU:C:2003:657.
Court of Justice of the European Union, N.S. and others, joined cases nos. C‑411/10 and C‑493/10, judgment of 21 December 2011, ECLI:EU:C:2011:865.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Weber, case no. C-438/12, judgment of 3 April 2014, ECLI:EU:C:2014:212.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Aranyosi and Căldăraru, joined cases nos. C-404/15 and C-659/15 PPU, judgment of 5 April 2016, ECLI:EU:C:2016:198.
Court of Justice of the European Union, Kovalkovas, case no. C-477/16 PPU, judgment of 10 November 2016, ECLI:EU:C:2016:861.
Court of Justice of the European Union, LM, case no. C-216/18 PPU, judgment of 5 July 2018, ECLI:EU:C:2018:586.
Court of Justice of the European Union, OG and PI, joined cases nos. C‑508/18 and C‑82/19 PPU, judgment of 27 May 2019, ECLI:EU:C:2019:456.
Court of Justice of the European Union. A. K., CP and DO, joined cases nos. C‑585/18, C‑624/18 and C‑625/18, judgment of 19 November 2019, ECLI:EU:C:2019:982.
Court of Justice of the European Union, L and P, joined cases nos. C‑354/20 PPU and C‑412/20 PPU, judgment of 17 December 2020.
Court of Justice of the European Union, A.B. and others, case no. C-824/18, judgment of 2 March 2021, ECLI:EU:C:2021:153.
Court of Justice of the European Union, opinion 2/13 of 18 December 2014, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2454.
European Court of Human Rights, Soering v. the United Kingdom, app. no. 14038/88, judgment (Plenary) of 7 July 1989, ECLI:CE:ECHR:1989:0707JUD001403888.
European Court of Human Rights, M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, app. no. 30696/09, judgment (GC) of 21 January 2011, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2011:0121JUD003069609.
European Court of Human Rights, Othman (Abu Qatada) v. the United Kingdom, app. no. 8139/09, judgment of 17 January 2012, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2012:0117JUD000813909.
European Court of Human Rights, Pirozzi v. Belgium, app. no. 21055/11, judgment of 17 April 2018, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2018:0417JUD002105511.
European Court of Human Rights, Bivolaru and Moldovan v. France, app. nos. 40324/16 and 12623/17, judgment of 25 March 2021, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2021:0325JUD004032416.
European Court of Human Rights, Xero Flor w Polsce sp. z o. o., app. no. 4907/18, judgment of 7 May 2021, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2021:0507JUD000490718.
European Court of Human Rights, Reczkowicz v. Poland, app. no. 43447/19, judgment of 22 July 2021, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2021:0722JUD004344719.
European Court of Human Rights, Dolińska-Ficek and Ozimek v. Poland, app. nos. 49868/19 and 57511/19, judgment of 8 November 2021, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2021:1108JUD004986819.
European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2016/1374 of 27 July 2016 regarding the rule of law in Poland (C/2016/5703).
European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2017/146 of 21 December 2016 regarding the rule of law in Poland complementary to Recommendation (EU) 2016/1374 (C/2016/8950).
European Commission, Proposal for a Council decision on the determination of a clear risk of a serious breach by the Republic of Poland of the rule of law, 20 December 2017, COM(2017) 835 final.
European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2017/1520 of 26 July 2017 regarding the rule of law in Poland complementary to Recommendations (EU) 2016/1374 And (EU) 2017/146 (C/2017/5320).
European Commission for Democracy through Law, Opinion no. 833/2015 Opinion on amendments to the Act of 25 June 2015 on the Constitutional Tribunal of Poland, 11 March 2016, CDL-AD(2016)001.
European Commission for Democracy through Law, Opinion no. 860/2016 Poland opinion on the act on the Constitutional Tribunal, 14 October 2016, CDL-AD(2016)026.
European Commission for Democracy through Law, Documents by opinions and studies. Opinions (country specific). List of countries for which there are opinions. Retrieved from: <https://www.venice.coe.int/WebForms/documents/by_opinion.aspx?lang=EN>.
European Parliament, Resolution on media law in Hungary, 10 March 2011, P7_TA(2011)0094.
European Parliament, Resolution on the Revised Hungarian Constitution, 5 July 2011, P7_TA(2011)0315.
European Parliament, Resolution on the recent political developments in Hungary (2012/2511(RSP)), 16 February 2012, P7_TA(2012)0053.
European Parliament, Resolution on a proposal calling on the Council to determine, pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Treaty on European Union, the existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is founded (2017/2131(INL)), 12 September 2018, P8_TA(2018)0340.
European Parliament, European Parliament resolution on ongoing hearings under Article 7(1) of the TEU regarding Poland and Hungary (2020/2513(RSP)), 16 January 2020, P9_TA(2020)0014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Slovak Yearbook of European Union Law
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Author(s) transfers copyright to the Article to the Publisher of the Journal by the Licence Agreement.
The Author(s) retains rights specified in the Licence Agreement.
The readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all of the Article of the Journal and use them for any other lawful purpose under specified Creative Commons Licence (CC BY-NC).
Funding data
-
Erasmus+
Grant numbers 620758-EPP-1-2020-1-SK-EPPJMO-CoE
